The effects of background television on toy play behavior discussion Attached below are the instructions, rubric, and two articles that I would personally

The effects of background television on toy play behavior discussion Attached below are the instructions, rubric, and two articles that I would personally be interested in and will provide enough information to critique. You may choose one of the articles that you will finding interesting enough and easy enough to critique. Please read thoroughly the instructions and rubric, if you may need a guided example please let me know I will be able to attach that as well. Running head: ARTICLE CRITIQUE INSTRUCTIONS
Article Critique Instructions (30 points possible)
Ryan J. Winter
Florida International University
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ARTICLE CRITIQUE INSTRUCTIONS
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Purpose of The Article Critique Paper
1). Psychological Purpose
This paper serves several purposes, the first of which is helping you gain insight into
research papers in psychology. As this may be your first time reading and writing papers
in psychology, one goal of Paper I is to give you insight into what goes into such papers.
This article critique paper will help you learn about the various sections of an empirical
research report by reading at least one peer-reviewed articles (articles that have a Title
Page, Abstract*, Literature Review, Methods Section, Results Section, and References
Page—I have already selected some articles for you to critique, so make sure you only
critique one in the folder provided on Blackboard). This paper will also give you some
insights into how the results sections are written in APA formatted research articles. Pay
close attention to those sections, as throughout this course you’ll be writing up some
results of your own!
In this relatively short paper, you will read one of five articles posted on blackboard and
summarize what the authors did and what they found. The first part of the paper should
focus on summarizing the design the authors used for their project. That is, you will
identify the independent and dependent variables, talk about how the authors carried out
their study, and then summarize the results (you don’t need to fully understand the
statistics in the results, but try to get a sense of what the authors did in their analyses). In
the second part of the paper, you will critique the article for its methodological strengths
and weaknesses. Finally, in part three, you will provide your references for the Article
Critique Paper in APA format.
2). APA Formatting Purpose
The second purpose of the Article Critique paper is to teach you proper American
Psychological Association (APA) formatting. In the instructions below, I tell you how to
format your paper using APA style. There are a lot of very specific requirements in APA
papers, so pay attention to the instructions below as well as Chapter 14 in your textbook!
I highly recommend using the Paper I Checklist before submitting your paper, as it will
help walk you through the picky nuances of APA formatting.
3). Writing Purpose
Finally, this paper is intended to help you grow as a writer. Few psychology classes give
you the chance to write papers and receive feedback on your work. This class will! We
will give you feedback on this paper in terms of content, spelling, and grammar.
*Most peer-reviewed articles do include an abstract, but the articles you will see on Blackboard
lack an Abstract. There is a good reason for this, which you’ll find out about in a later paper!
ARTICLE CRITIQUE INSTRUCTIONS
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Article Critique Paper (30 points possible)
Each student is required to write an article critique paper based on one of the research articles
present on Blackboard (only those articles listed on Blackboard can be critiqued – if you critique
a different article, it will not be graded). The article critique paper will account for 50 points. In
addition to deepening your understanding of conceptual issues discussed in lectures, this article
critique assignment is designed to improve critical thinking and writing skills. Please follow the
instructions and guidelines below. If you are unclear about any of this information, please ask.
What is an article critique paper?
An article critique is a written communication that conveys your understanding of a research
article and how it relates to the conceptual issues of interest to this course. There are five
elements emphasized in this critique: The title page (in APA formatting), summary of the article,
critique of the article, brief (one paragraph) summary of the article, and appropriate referencing
for the article. I suggest also looking at the example papers, which will give you a nice visual
image of APA style that you can mimic in your own paper.
This article critique paper will include 5 things:
1. Title page: 1 page (2 points)
• Use APA style to present the appropriate information:
o A Running head must be included and formatted APA style
▪ The phrase “Running head” is at the top of the title page followed
by a short title of your creation (no more than 50 characters) that is
in ALL CAPS. This running head is left-justified (flush left on the
page). Note that the “h” in head is all lower case! Look at the first
page of these instructions, and you will see how to set up your
Running head.
▪ There must be a page number on the title page that is right
justified. It is included in the header
o Your paper title appears on the title page. This is usually 12 words or less,
and the first letter of each word is capitalized. It should be descriptive of
the paper (For this paper, you should use the title of the article you are
critiquing. The paper title can be the same title as in the Running head or it
can differ – your choice)
o Your name will appear on the title page
o Your institution will appear on the title page as well
o For all papers, make sure to double-space EVERYTHING and use Times
New Roman font. This includes everything from the title page through the
references.
o This is standard APA format. ALL of your future papers will include a
similar title page
2. Summary of the Article: 1 ½ page minimum, 3 pages maximum – 10 points)
An article critique should briefly summarize, in your own words, the article research question
and how it was addressed in the article. Below are some things to include in your summary.
• The CAPS portion of your running head should also appear on the first page of
your paper, but it will NOT include the phrase “Running head” this time, only the
same title as the running head from the first paper in ALL CAPS. Again, see the
ARTICLE CRITIQUE INSTRUCTIONS
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example paper. There is a powerpoint presentation on using Microsoft Word that
can help you figure out how to have a different header on the title page (where
“Running head” is present) and other pages in the paper (where “Running head”
is NOT present). You can also find how-to information like this using youtube!
1. If you look at the header in pages 2 through 5 (including THIS current
page 4 that you are reading right now!), you will see “Running head”
omitted. It simply has the short title (ARTICLE CRITIQUE PAPER
INSTRUCTIONS) all in caps, followed by the page number.
The same title used on the title page should be at the top of the page on the first
actual line of the paper, centered.
For this paper, add the word “Summary” below the title, and have it flush left.
Then write your summary of the article below that
The summary itself will include the following: (Note – if the article involved
more than one experiment, you can either choose to focus on one of the studies
specifically or summarize the general design for all of the studies)
1. Type of study (Was it experimental or correlational? How do you know?)
2. Variables (What were the independent and dependent variables? Be
specific with these. Define the terms independent and dependent variable
and make sure to identify how they are operationally defined in the article)
3. Method (Was there a random sample of participants? Was there random
assignment to groups? What did the participants do in the study?). How
was data collected (online, in person, archival data, etc.)
4. Summary of findings (What were their findings?)
3. Critique of the study: 1 ½ pages minimum – 3 pages maximum – 8 points)
• This portion of the article critique assignment focuses on your own thoughts about the
content of the article (i.e. your own ideas in your own words). For this section, please
use the word “Critique” below the last sentence in your summary, and have the word
“Critique” flush left.
• This section is a bit harder, but there are a number of ways to demonstrate critical
thinking in your writing. Address at least four of the following elements. You can
address more than four, but four is the minimum.
• 1). In your opinion, how valid and reliable is the study? Why? (make sure to
define what reliable and valid mean, and apply these definitions to the study you
are critiquing. Merely mentioning that it is valid and reliable is not enough – you
have to apply those terms to the article)
• 2). Did the study authors correctly interpret their findings, or are there any
alternative interpretations you can think of?
• 3). Did the authors of the study employ appropriate ethical safeguards?
• 4). Briefly describe a follow-up study you might design that builds on the findings
of the study you read how the research presented in the article relates to research,
articles or material covered in other sections of the course
• 5). Describe whether you feel the results presented in the article are weaker or
stronger than the authors claim (and why); or discuss alternative interpretations of
the results (i.e. something not mentioned by the authors) and/or what research
might provide a test between the proposed and alternate interpretations
• 6). Mention additional implications of the findings not mentioned in the article
(either theoretical or practical/applied)
ARTICLE CRITIQUE INSTRUCTIONS
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7). Identify specific problems in the theory, discussion or empirical research
presented in the article and how these problems could be corrected. If the
problems you discuss are methodological in nature, then they must be issues that
are substantial enough to affect the interpretations of the findings or arguments
presented in the article. Furthermore, for methodological problems, you must
justify not only why something is problematic but also how it could be resolved
and why your proposed solution would be preferable.
8). Describe how/why the method used in the article is either better or worse for
addressing a particular issue than other methods
4. Brief summary of the article: One or paragraphs (4 points)
• Write the words “Brief Summary”, and then begin the brief summary below this
• In ONE or TWO paragraphs maximum, summarize the article again, but this time I
want it to be very short. In other words, take all of the information that you talked
about in the summary portion of this assignment and write it again, but this time in
only a few sentences.
• The reason for this section is that I want to make sure you can understand the whole
study but that you can also write about it in a shorter paragraph that still emphasizes
the main points of the article. Pretend that you are writing your own literature review
for a research study, and you need to get the gist of an article that you read that helps
support your own research across to your reader. Make sure to cite the original study
(the article you are critiquing).
5. References – 1 page (3 points)
• Provide the reference for this article in proper APA format (see the book Chapter 14
for appropriate referencing guidelines or the Chapter 14 powerpoint).
• If you cited other sources during either your critique or summary, reference them as
well (though you do not need to cite other sources in this assignment – this is merely
optional IF you happen to bring in other sources). Formatting counts here, so make
sure to italicize where appropriate and watch which words you are capitalizing!
6. Grammar and Writing Quality (3 points)
• Few psychology courses are as writing intensive as Research Methods (especially
Research Methods Two next semester!). As such, I want to make sure that you
develop writing skills early. This is something that needs special attention, so make
sure to proofread your papers carefully.
• Avoid run-on sentences, sentence fragments, spelling errors, and grammar errors.
Writing quality will become more important in future papers, but this is where you
should start to hone your writing skills.
• We will give you feedback on your papers, but I recommend seeking some help from
the FIU writing center to make sure your paper is clear, precise, and covers all needed
material. I also recommend asking a few of your group members to read over your
paper and make suggestions. You can do the same for them!
The key point is that your experimental paper should describe a “position” that you have taken
with respect to the content of the article. Please note that you do not need to refer to any other
sources other than the article on which you have chosen to write your paper. However, you are
welcome to refer to additional sources if you choose.
ARTICLE CRITIQUE INSTRUCTIONS
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Other guidelines for the article critique papers
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▪
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1). Pay attention to the page length requirements – 1 page for the title page, 1.5 pages to 3
pages for the summary, 1.5 pages to 3 pages for the critique, one or two paragraphs for
the brief summary, and 1 page for the references page. If you are under the minimum, we
will deduct points. If you go over the maximum, we are a little more flexible (you can go
over by half page or so), but we want you to try to keep it to the maximum page.
2). Page size is 8 1/2 X 11” with all 4 margins set one inch on all sides. You must use 12point Times New Roman font (Note: these instructions are in 12 point Times New
Roman font).
3). As a general rule, ALL paragraphs and sentences are double spaced in APA papers.
This includes the spacing in your Paper I: Article Critique Paper. It even includes the
references, so make sure to double space EVERYTHING
4). When summarizing the article in your own words, you need not continually cite the
article throughout the rest of your critique. Nonetheless, you should follow proper
referencing procedures, which means that:
o If you are inserting a direct quote from any source, it must be enclosed in
quotations and followed by a parenthetical reference to the source. “Let’s say I am
directly quoting this current sentence and the next. I would then cite it with the
author name, date of publication, and the page number for the direct quote”
(Winter, 2013, p . 4).
1. Note: We will deduct points if you quote more than once per page, so keep
quotes to a minimum. Paraphrase instead, but make sure you still give the
original author credit for the material by citing him or using the author’s
name (“In this article, Smith noted that …” or “In this article, the authors
noted that…”)
o If you choose to reference any source other than your chosen article, it must be
listed in a reference list.
5). PLEASE use a spell checker to avoid unnecessary errors. Proofread everything you
write. I actually recommend reading some sentences aloud to see if they flow well, or
getting family or friends to read your work. Writing quality will become more important
in future papers, so you should start working on that now!
If you have any questions about the articles, your ideas, or your writing, please ask.
Although we won’t be able to review entire drafts of papers before they are handed
in, we are very willing to discuss problems, concerns or issues that you might have.
Paper I: Article Critique Grading Rubric (30 points possible)
1). Title Page (2 points)
Correct APA format on the Running head, page number, and title
2). Summary of the article (10 points – 1 ½ pages required minimum, 3 maximum)
Items of relevance:
A. Appropriate header, page numbers, and article title
B. Summary elements:
Description of the kind of study
Note the variables used
Note the method used
Note the participants used
Note the findings etc.
3). Critique of the study (8 points – 1 ½ pages required minimum, 3 maximum)
Items of relevance:
Must have at least 4 of the following (but can have more):
1). Reliability and validity of the study
2). Correct interpretations of the findings
3). Appropriate ethical considerations
4). Follow-up studies
5). Whether results are weak/strong or alternative interpretations
6). Additional implications of the findings
7). Problems with the theory or methods used
8). Are there more appropriate methods than those used in this research
4). Summary (4 points – 1 to 2 short paragraphs)
Items of relevance:
A. It must be one to two paragraphs, no longer
B. Did it highlight the main article points (hypothesis, methods, subjects)?
C. Did it highlight the conclusions drawn by the author?
5). References (3 points – all citations mentioned including the study critiqued)
Reference(s) must be in appropriate APA format
6). Grammar and Writing Quality (3 points – entire paper. Make sure to proofread!)
Health Psychology
2011, Vol. 30, No. 4, 424 – 429
© 2011 American Psychological Association
0278-6133/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0023467
BRIEF REPORT
Mind Over Milkshakes:
Mindsets, Not Just Nutrients, Determine Ghrelin Response
Alia J. Crum
William R. Corbin
Yale University
Arizona State University
Kelly D. Brownell and Peter Salovey
Yale University
Objective: To test whether physiological satiation as measured by the gut peptide ghrelin may vary
depending on the mindset in which one approaches consumption of food. Methods: On 2 separate
occasions, participants (n ⫽ 46) consumed a 380-calorie milkshake under the pretense that it was either
a 620-calorie “indulgent” shake or a 140-calorie “sensible” shake. Ghrelin was measured via intravenous
blood samples at 3 time points: baseline (20 min), anticipatory (60 min), and postconsumption (90 min).
During the first interval (between 20 and 60 min) participants were asked to view and rate the
(misleading) label of the shake. During the second interval (between 60 and 90 min) participants were
asked to drink and rate the milkshake. Results: The mindset of indulgence produced a dramatically
steeper decline in ghrelin after consuming the shake, whereas the mindset of sensibility produced a
relatively flat ghrelin response. Participants’ satiety was consistent with what they believed they were
consuming rather than the actual nutritional value of what they consumed. Conclusions: The effect of
food consumption on ghrelin may be psychologically mediated, and mindset meaningfully affects
physiological responses to food.
Keywords: mindset, nutrition, ghrelin, hunger, product labeling
Studies of food expectancies suggest an important role for a person’s mindset in determining taste and preference. For instance,
people like the taste of Coke better when it is consumed from a
brand-name cup (McClure et al., 2004); strawberry yogurt and cheese
spreads are enjoyed less if they are labeled “low-fat” (Wardle &
Solomons, 1994); adding vinegar to beer under the labeling “special
ingredient” can actually improve taste ratings (provided the consumer
is unaware that the “special ingredient” is vinegar; Lee, Frederick, &
Ariely, 2006); and manipulating the perceived cost of wine to be more
expensive (but not the wine itself) can result in heightened activity in
the medial orbital frontal cortex, the pleasure center of the brain
(Plassmann, O’Doherty, Shiv, & Rangel, 2008).
Food labels and perceptions also affect hunger as well as subsequent food consumption. For example, people tend to modify their
eating based on perceived calorie intake such that, when a high or low
calorie preload is presented as high or low calorie, actual caloric
content matters little as compared to perceived caloric intake. In
general, when people think they have eaten a high calorie preload they
report greater fullness and eat less in response, whereas when people
believe they have eaten a low calorie preload they report more hunger
and eat more in response (e.g., Polivy, 1976; Provencher, Polivy, &
Herman, 2009; Wooley, Wooley, & Woods, 1975). These differences
are often moderated by restrained eating such that hi…
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