Disaster Response Strategies NRF Core Capability & Critical Tasks Discuss NRF Core Capability and Critical Tasks 1 and 2. Why are these important to an Eme

Disaster Response Strategies NRF Core Capability & Critical Tasks Discuss NRF Core Capability and Critical Tasks 1 and 2. Why are these important to an Emergency Manager? What would be your ‘target capability’ be for these Critical Tasks for the first 8 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours in your community for an event destroying the local hospital and electrical grid? Exemplary sample
Discuss NRF Core Capability and Critical Tasks 1,2, 6, 8, 13. Why are these important to an
Emergency Manager? What would be your ‘target capability’ be for these Critical Tasks for
the first 8 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours in your community for an event destroying the local
hospital and electrical grid.
The first core response capability is planning, whose objective is conducting a systematic process
that engages the whole society to develop operational, strategic, and society-based approaches in
meeting the outlined objectives. Tasks involved during planning include developing operational
plans at federal, state and territories levels to identify critical objectives on the basis of planned
requirements and providing a complete and well-integrated picture of the sequence and extent of
the tasks used to achieve the said objectives. These objectives should be implementable and
should also fit within the given time frame by using the available resources. The second one is
public information and warning, whereby objectives include delivery of prompt and wellcoordinated information to the whole society by using clear, consistent cultural-sensitive
methods to deliver information concerning threats and hazardous materials and the appropriate
actions to be taken. Major tasks to be undertaken include informing the affected parts of the
community by all necessary means and informing the society about the ongoing emergency
actions for public protection. Number six is the fatality management services aimed at providing
services during fatalities such as recovering bodies and identifying victims to reunite families
and also to counsel them. The main task is conducting operations to recover as many fatalities as
possible over a significant geographical area. The eighth core response capability is mass care
services which aims to provide services that are life-sustaining to the affected people by feeding
and providing shelter for them. Critical tasks are delivering necessary resources to survivors,
establishing emergency shelters and then assisting with relocation. Number thirteen is providing
medical and health services to avoid more injuries and illness for those in need. Critical tasks are
delivery of medical and health countermeasures, stabilizing casualties and completing health
assessments. (Swanson, 2011)
By effectively conducting these core response capabilities, emergency managers are able
to plan for unforeseen disasters, inform the public of potential dangers, manage all fatalities
without incurring additional ones and providing the best medical services to the affected part of
the population. For an event involving power outage and destruction of a local hospital, the main
target capabilities would include providing mass care and fatality management services as well
as on scene-security protection for the first 8 hours. Operational coordination and
communication, including fatality management, would continue for the first 24 hours. In 72
hours, the response actions would involve stabilizing the whole power grid back to normal and
assessing the event and ways to completely take care of the disaster. For the Federal Interagency
Operations Plan (FIOP), main tasks to be accomplished involve protection, mitigation, response,
recovery and prevention of disasters. Federal agencies for protection and mitigation include
defense and diplomacy agencies under the Department of Defense. For response and recovery,
the appropriate federal agencies are human services and community development agencies under
the Department of Health and Human Services. The Housing and Urban Development
Department would also work with human services agencies for recovery during disasters. The
Federal Emergency Management Agency in conjunction with the Department of Homeland
Security outline various operational, strategic and tactical plans for prevention of emergencies.
The incident-specific annexes clarify assignment of various federal agencies by outlining
policies, operations and responsibilities for specific agencies, in relation to the specific incidents.
The National Preparedness System ensures integration of planning for threats across all
government agencies and departments, therefore most agencies have to work together for
protection, mitigation, response, recovery and prevention of threats. (Schultz, Koenig, Whiteside
& Murray, 2012)
References
Swanson, M. (2011). Contingency planning guide for federal information systems (Vol.
800). DIANE Publishing.
Schultz, C. H., Koenig, K. L., Whiteside, M., Murray, R., & National Standardized All-Hazard
Disaster Core Competencies Task Force. (2012). Development of national standardized all-
hazard disaster core competencies for acute care physicians, nurses, and EMS
professionals. Annals of emergency medicine, 59(3), 196-208.
National Response
Framework
Third Edition
2016
National Response Framework
Executive Summary
The National Response Framework is a guide to how the Nation responds to all types of disasters and
emergencies. It is built on scalable, flexible, and adaptable concepts identified in the National
Incident Management System to align key roles and responsibilities across the Nation. This
Framework describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents that range from
the serious but purely local to large-scale terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters. The
National Response Framework describes the principles, roles and responsibilities, and coordinating
structures for delivering the core capabilities required to respond to an incident and further describes
how response efforts integrate with those of the other mission areas. This Framework is always in
effect and describes the doctrine under which the Nation responds to incidents. The structures,
roles, and responsibilities described in this Framework can be partially or fully implemented in the
context of a threat or hazard, in anticipation of a significant event, or in response to an incident.
Selective implementation of National Response Framework structures and procedures allows for a
scaled response, delivery of the specific resources and capabilities, and a level of coordination
appropriate to each incident.
The Response mission area focuses on ensuring that the Nation is able to respond effectively to all
types of incidents that range from those that are adequately handled with local assets to those of
catastrophic proportion that require marshaling the capabilities of the entire Nation. The objectives of
the Response mission area define the capabilities necessary to save lives, protect property and the
environment, meet basic human needs, stabilize the incident, restore basic services and community
functionality, and establish a safe and secure environment to facilitate the integration of recovery
activities. 1 The Response mission area includes 15 core capabilities: planning; public information
and warning; operational coordination; critical transportation; environmental response/health and
safety; fatality management services; fire management and suppression; infrastructure systems;
logistics and supply chain management; mass care services; mass search and rescue operations; onscene security, protection, and law enforcement; operational communications; public health,
healthcare, and emergency medical services; and situational assessment.
The priorities of the Response mission area are to save lives, protect property and the environment,
stabilize the incident, and provide for basic human needs. The following principles establish
fundamental doctrine for the Response mission area: engaged partnership; tiered response; scalable,
flexible, and adaptable operational capabilities; unity of effort through unified command; and
readiness to act.
Scalable, flexible, and adaptable coordinating structures are essential in aligning the key roles and
responsibilities to deliver the Response mission area’s core capabilities. The flexibility of such
structures helps ensure that communities across the country can organize response efforts to address
a variety of risks based on their unique needs, capabilities, demographics, governing structures, and
non-traditional partners. This Framework is not based on a one-size-fits-all organizational construct,
but instead acknowledges the concept of tiered response, which emphasizes that response to incidents
should be handled at the lowest jurisdictional level capable of handling the mission.
1
As with all activities in support of the National Preparedness Goal, activities taken under the response mission
must be consistent with all pertinent statutes and policies, particularly those involving privacy and civil and human
rights, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and Civil Rights Act of
1964.
i
National Response Framework
In implementing the National Response Framework to build national preparedness, partners are
encouraged to develop a shared understanding of broad-level strategic implications as they make
critical decisions in building future capacity and capability. The whole community should be
engaged in examining and implementing the strategy and doctrine contained in this Framework,
considering both current and future requirements in the process.
ii
National Response Framework
Table of Contents
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Framework Purpose and Organization ………………………………………………………………………1
Evolution of the Framework ………………………………………………………………………………………3
Relationship to NIMS ………………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Intended Audience …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
Scope …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Guiding Principles …………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
Risk Basis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
Roles and Responsibilities………………………………………………………………………………. 8
Individuals, Families, and Households ……………………………………………………………………….8
Communities ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Nongovernmental Organizations………………………………………………………………………………..9
Private Sector Entities ……………………………………………………………………………………………..10
Local Governments ………………………………………………………………………………………………….11
State, Tribal, Territorial, and Insular Area Governments …………………………………………12
Federal Government ………………………………………………………………………………………………..15
Core Capabilities …………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
Context of the Response Mission Area………………………………………………………………………20
Response Actions to Deliver Core Capabilities ………………………………………………………….28
Coordinating Structures and Integration ………………………………………………………… 32
Local Coordinating Structures …………………………………………………………………………………32
State and Territorial Coordinating Structures ………………………………………………………….32
Tribal Coordinating Structures ………………………………………………………………………………..32
Private Sector Coordinating Structures ……………………………………………………………………33
Federal Coordinating Structures………………………………………………………………………………33
Operational Coordination ………………………………………………………………………………………..39
Integration ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………45
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National Response Framework
Relationship to Other Mission Areas………………………………………………………………. 47
Operational Planning …………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
Response Operational Planning ……………………………………………………………………………….48
Planning Assumptions ……………………………………………………………………………………………..51
Framework Application …………………………………………………………………………………………..51
Supporting Resources …………………………………………………………………………………… 51
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 52
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National Response Framework
Introduction
The National Preparedness System outlines an organized process for the whole community to move
forward with their preparedness activities and achieve the National Preparedness Goal. The National
Preparedness System integrates efforts across the five preparedness mission areas—Prevention,
Protection, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery—in order to achieve the goal of a secure and
resilient Nation. The National Response Framework (NRF), part of the National Preparedness
System, sets the strategy and doctrine for how the whole community builds, sustains, and delivers the
Response core capabilities identified in the National Preparedness Goal in an integrated manner with
the other mission areas. This third edition of the NRF reflects the insights and lessons learned from
real-world incidents and the implementation of the National Preparedness System.
Prevention: The capabilities necessary to avoid, prevent, or stop a threatened or actual
act of terrorism. Within the context of national preparedness, the term “prevention” refers
to preventing imminent threats.
Protection: The capabilities necessary to secure the homeland against acts of terrorism
and manmade or natural disasters.
Mitigation: The capabilities necessary to reduce loss of life and property by lessening
the impact of disasters.
Response: The capabilities necessary to save lives, protect property and the
environment, and meet basic human needs after an incident has occurred.
Recovery: The capabilities necessary to assist communities affected by an incident to
recover effectively.
F r a m ew o r k P u r p o s e an d O r g a n i z at i o n
The NRF is a guide to how the Nation responds to all types of disasters and emergencies. It is built
on scalable, flexible, and adaptable concepts identified in the National Incident Management System
(NIMS) 2 to align key roles and responsibilities across the Nation. The NRF describes specific
authorities and best practices for managing incidents that range from the serious but purely local to
large-scale terrorist attacks or catastrophic 3 natural disasters.
This document supersedes the NRF that was issued in May 2013. It becomes effective
60 days after publication.
The term “response,” as used in the NRF, includes actions to save lives, protect property and the
environment, stabilize communities, and meet basic human needs following an incident. Response
also includes the execution of emergency plans and actions to support short-term recovery. The NRF
describes doctrine for managing any type of disaster or emergency regardless of scale, scope, and
complexity. This Framework explains common response disciplines and processes that have been
2
http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system
A catastrophic incident is defined as any natural or manmade incident, including terrorism, that results in
extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure,
environment, economy, national morale, or government functions.
3
1
National Response Framework
developed at all levels of government (local, state, tribal, territorial, insular area, 4 and Federal) and
have matured over time.
To support the Goal, the objectives of the NRF are to:
Describe scalable, flexible, and adaptable coordinating structures, as well as key roles and
responsibilities for integrating capabilities across the whole community, 5 to support the efforts of
local, state, tribal, territorial, insular area, and Federal governments in responding to actual and
potential incidents.
Describe, across the whole community, the steps needed to prepare for delivering the response
core capabilities.
Foster integration and coordination of activities within the Response mission area.
Outline how the Response mission area relates to the other mission areas, as well as the
relationship between the Response core capabilities and the core capabilities in other mission
areas.
Provide guidance through doctrine and establish the foundation for the development of the
Response Federal Interagency Operational Plan (FIOP).
Incorporate continuity operations and planning to facilitate the performance of response core
capabilities during all hazards emergencies or other situations that may disrupt normal
operations.
The NRF is composed of a base document, Emergency Support Function (ESF) Annexes, and
Support Annexes. The annexes provide detailed information to assist with the implementation of the
NRF.
ESF Annexes describe the Federal coordinating structures that group resources and capabilities
into functional areas that are most frequently needed in a national response.
Support Annexes describe the essential supporting processes and considerations that are most
common to the majority of incidents.
Note that the incident annexes, which address response to specific risks and hazards, can now be
found as annexes to the Response FIOP rather than as supplements to the NRF. This change is
consistent with guidance in the National Preparedness System.
4
Per the Stafford Act, insular areas include Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American
Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Other statutes or departments and agencies may define the term insular area
differently.
5
Whole community includes individuals and communities, the private and nonprofit sectors, faith-based
organizations, and all levels of government (local, regional/metropolitan, state, tribal, territorial, insular area, and
Federal). Whole community is defined in the National Preparedness Goal as “a focus on enabling the participation in
national preparedness activities of a wider range of players from the private and nonprofit sectors, including
nongovernmental organizations and the general public, in conjunction with the participation of all levels of
governmental in order to foster better coordination and working relationships.” The National Preparedness Goal may
be found online at http://www.fema.gov.
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National Response Framework
Figure 1: NRF and FIOP Structure
E vo l u t i o n o f t h e F r a m ew o r k
The NRF builds on over 20 years of Federal response guidance beginning with the Federal Response
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