LAS432 Water Pollution and Nuclear Power Plants I need a draft for my project, i will add what is done so far , if you have any questions please let me kno

LAS432 Water Pollution and Nuclear Power Plants I need a draft for my project, i will add what is done so far , if you have any questions please let me know.Assignment guidelines are under DRAFT file This week you will submit your Individual Draft for review to take you one step
closer to your final Project. Your draft should reflect the progress you have made
in completing each milestone related to the Course Project in the earlier weeks,
synthesize ideas you an have developed, and highlight the key areas of analysis
you have identified throughout the course.
Individual drafts should be four to five pages in length and follow APA standards.
Your draft must also include a brief paragraph that explains your part of the
Team Project and where your draft will fit into the final paper. This is an individual
assignment.
Grading Rubric
Content
Criteria
Draft Introduction
The introduction is clear and provides an overview of key issues addressed in the section. The topic of the draft is situated
context.
Structure
The section is organized logically and has a clear development trajectory that begins with foundational materials. The stru
the team outline and achieves a level of consistency with the team documents.
Evidence and Topic
Development
Concrete and detailed evidence is used to support claims and develop the topic. Evidence is used in a variety of ways and
Analysis and Critical
Thinking
Thoughtful analysis is performed to help situate the evidence within the team argument and provide engagement with the
Style and Format
Conventions are consistent and unified. The formatting adheres to APA standards. Citations are complete and properly fo
Reflection
Framing questions have been addressed, and there is a clear understanding of the role that the draft will play in the final C
Total
Course Project Developed Outline
LAS432
Preliminary Questions
Team Members:
Thesis: Government regulation allows “permissible” environmental radioactive
contamination. These regulations must be readdressed and nuclear power companies
must be held accountable for failure to follow these regulations. This will result in less
environmental pollution, specifically water pollution.
Style and Form: The plan for the paper is to be informal and informational. The ability to
highlight the current issues surrounding nuclear processing is key. By addressing the
who, what, when, where, why and overall impact all sections should complement each
other well.
Order: Nuclear processing locations, Nuclear waste disposal, Nuclear security & threats
Nuclear accidents and long-term effects, Economic Impacts (jobs)
I. Introduction
As per research findings, 20% of environmental pollution is as a result of natural
radiation levels that emanate from human activities. These activities are harmful to the
environment, especially due to the materials released from mining, processing of
radioactive materials in nuclear power plants, and handling of radioactive waste.
Radioactive waste and traces of chemical elements released from nuclear power are all
top water pollutants. These chemicals make water sources a threat to human life.
A. Topic:
Nuclear Power and Water Pollution: The Link between Environmental Threats
and Issues
1. Attention Grabber:
Do you like Salmon? Who doesn’t, right? Did you know Sockeye Salmon
who live in the US Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers were linked to be
contaminated with nuclear radiation from Japan’s Nuclear plant,
Fukushima. (Organic Planet, 2018)
2. Research Questions – What is at risk in the event of a reactor meltdown
in terms of water supply, food supply etc.? Who stands to be affected the
most by such a disaster?
3. Working Thesis – The safety of future generations fresh water supply
may be at grave danger. As evidenced by the Tsunami and resulting
disaster at Fukushima in Japan, further measures must be taken to ensure
redundant procedures be in place prior to another natural disaster.
B. Context
1. Background Information on Topic/Historical Timeline
In the United States, human waste was carried in American rivers for
centuries. It wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution progressed that water
pollution became a major crisis. Factories found water sources, especially
rivers, a convenient means of waste disposal. The trend continued well
into the twentieth century. The Cuyahoga River in Ohio caught fire several
times since the 1930s, a result of oil slicks and flammable industrial waste
dumped in it. Coupled with widespread and human waste contamination
of rivers, a fire on the Cuyahoga in 1969, led to the enactment of the 1972
Clean Water Act (CWA).
In 2006, the Environmental News Service (ENS) reported that, more than
62 percent of industrial and municipal facilities across the country
discharged more pollution into U.S. waterways than their Clean Water Act
permits allowed between July 2003 and December 2004.
Although the CWA has made great strides in keeping waters clean, there
is no realistic standard as to how clean is clean, and the act has been
criticized for leading to wasted money without effective controls and
monitoring systems.
2. Ethical Framework: What ethical frameworks will your team deploy to
help develop analysis of the topic?
There are various ethical considerations of nuclear power that will be
examined through analysis of this topic. These include but are not limited
to: protection of human and environmental health, protection of human
health beyond national and international borders, protection of future
generations from health effects associated with nuclear power, embracing
the principal of intergenerational equity, establishment of legal framework
for conservation of the environment against devastating effects of nuclear
power and ensuring that all nuclear power plant operations adhere to legal
and ethical guidelines.
3. Audience: Who is your primary audience? What is their call to action?
Our target audience are members of the public who stay close to nuclear
plants. There have been fears of increased health and environmental
impacts of nuclear processes. The public is calling for stringent measures
and interventions to ensure that they are not affected by nuclear process.
II. Sectional Outlines
A. Nuclear Processing Locations
1. Idea:
The number of nuclear plants has increased all over the world and among
developing countries creating a high risk to those living in the areas and
the surrounding environment (Bruce, 1959). Government regulations
allow tolerable environmental radioactive contamination. The regulations
put up must be readdressed and the companies held accountable for the
failure to strictly follow the regulations. The main idea in the paper is to
address the proper disposal of nuclear waste in order to reduce the level of
environmental pollution especially water pollution.
a. Technology:
The current technology used in the disposal of nuclear waste is
meant to decay the nuclear energy in an underground repository
naturally. Another method used in the disposal of nuclear waste is
the storage of waste products under water. This is the main reason
behind increased water pollution.
b. Ethics:
Ethically, organizations should be responsible for their production
and ensure that the production level of the nuclear energy and the
disposal strategies do not cause harm to the environment.Storing of
waste, spent fuel, or even the material prior to reaction is of great
ethical concern as its existence threatens the safety of fresh water.
c. Which areas of analysis will you engage with: social, cultural,
economic, or political?
Nuclear energy has caused political and social issues regarding
misperception, misinformation and negative attitude towards
nuclear energy and radioactive wastes which in leads to the
formation of political rallies and anti-nuclear power groups (Bruce,
1959). The social issues including misinformation have led to a
lack of trust in the government and the nuclear power authorities
especially in the issue of nuclear waste disposal. Gaining the trust
of the citizens and providing the right information to the
surrounding population greatly depends on proper nuclear waste
disposal strategies.
2.
Evidence:
a. What evidence have you gathered that supports your section
and the Team Thesis?
Nuclear power plants generate approximately 17% of the world’s
electricity and some countries, if not most, depend mostly on
nuclear energy than any other form of energy. With the increasing
number of nuclear plants, United States established a permanent
nuclear waste repository in Yucca Mountain . This strategy
operates such a way that nuclear waste is stored underground to
allow natural decaying of the waste energy. Multiple sources
provide heaps of evidence suggesting the land surrounding the
meltdown at Fukushima will be radioactive for many generations
to come. As there has not yet been a disaster of this scale prior, we
are still learning much from this disaster. Food chain supply,
healthcare staff shortages, land price devaluations are among the
researched evidence.
b. What evidence still needs to be gathered? What are the next
steps of your research process?
Future research needed on the increasing number of nuclear power
plants
3. Connection to Thesis: This section sets the stage for where the plants
in North America are located, their type, and how their waste is stored or
processed.
4.
Relation to other subsections: What other sections does your
section have a strong relationship to? How might this help you develop
order and transition areas of your team course project? . Nuclear disposal
methods affect most aspects of the society including security and creation
of jobs. For instance, during the disposal of nuclear waste, most job
opportunities are created for the surrounding population. However, nuclear
waste affects the living standards and the lifestyle of the surrounding
population leading to security issues. Our section helps lead directly into
the next section about waste disposal.
B. Section: Nuclear Waste Disposal –
1. Main ideas: The main idea of this subsection is nuclear waste
disposal, specifically the issues surrounding appropriate disposal methods
and placement.
a. Technology: Current disposal methods to include proposed
permanent methods for nuclear waste will be discussed.
b. Ethics: The overall ethical angle of the paper fits quite well into
this subtopic. Nuclear power plants contaminate the environment and
existing guidelines for safety and disposal are not adequately
followed. The fact that the United States does not have a clear way
ahead for permanent disposal of nuclear waste is unacceptable and
should be addressed. The protection of future generations and
intergenerational equality also go well with this topic. Additionally,
current methods for nuclear operations contaminate the water and
directly impact fish and wildlife.
c. Which areas of analysis will you engage with: Examination of
both the political and social issues surrounding this issue will be
addressed, specifically governmental role in current nuclear energy
development operations, and maintenance efforts, as well as a
permanent nuclear waste disposal site and strategy.
2.
Evidence:
a. The basics of energy development in the United States, how
nuclear energy is actually created, how many nuclear reactors are
in operation, as well as what percentage of electricity is generated
by nuclear power.
Historical and legislative attempts to establish a permanent nuclear
waste repository in the United States. In 2013, litigation was
brought against both the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
and the Department of Energy (DOE) for failing to fulfil
obligations as defined in the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA)
(Ginsberg & Sweeney, 2014).
Additionally, a memoir of former chairman of the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Gregory Jaczko (Hoffert, 2018) will be
used to highlight how the government may not always have the
public or the environment’s best interest at heart when it comes to
establishing policy, setting standards, and enforcement or
accountability.
Known risks of current temporary nuclear waste storage methods
(Wald, 2009). Specifically, how much waste the country currently
has stored and in how many locations.
b. What evidence still needs to be gathered? Additional research
is needed to fully address social impact of current nuclear waste
disposal methods as well as a permanent strategy.
3. Connection to Thesis: Through analysis of current nuclear waste
disposal methods or lack thereof we support the overall thesis in
addressing nuclear contamination.
4. Relation to other subsections: Nuclear disposal methods have a
strong tie to the location topic as well as security and job
creation. Disposal strategy may fit nicely after the location topic and
before the topic of security.
C.
Section: Topic and Description Nuclear security & threats –
1. Main ideas: What is the main idea of your subsection? What areas of
analysis will you engage with? Cost of security, and security on nuclear
plants from preventing terrorism. Specifically, in trying to prevent terrorist
attacks
a. Technology: What technologies need to be described? Many
different technologies are used in nuclear plant security,
specifically for cybersecurity and electronic security. The United
States uses a cybersecurity program to protect important assets.
b. Ethics: How does the team’s ethical angle relate to your
subtopic? The ethical angle of this subtopic fits into the overall
ethics of the paper in such that in having proper security in
nuclear plants, it helps to prevent against a terrorist attack. If a
terrorist attack should occur and nuclear power or weapons get
into the hands of the wrong people, many people and the
environment could be in grave danger.
c. Which areas of analysis will you engage with: social, cultural,
economic, or political? Political and economic areas will be
addressed as there are many governmental standards that nuclear
plants must adhere to. The government has regulations on
Nuclear plants on how they operate and future upcoming ideas
that may help the country. Also, the cost of running, maintaining
and securing plants will be addressed
2.
Evidence:
a. What evidence have you gathered that supports your section
and the Team Thesis? The nuclear regulatory commission has
drills former military units attack plants with materials and
techniques and evaluate if it fails.
b. What evidence still needs to be gathered? What are the next
steps of your research process? Further research on cost of
security and cyber-attacks.
3. Connection to Thesis: How will your section support the Team Thesis?
Nuclear security & threats support the team’s thesis by explaining the
issues of the governments regulations and how we need to address them.
4. Relation to other subsections: What other sections does your section
have a strong relationship to? How might this help you develop order and
transition areas of your team course project? Nuclear accidents and longterm effects have a relationship to nuclear security and threats because
terrorism can cause long term effects and part of the accidents is related to
terrorism. This can help our topics being more in flow of one another
D.
Section: Nuclear accidents and long-term effects
1. Main ideas: The main idea of this section is to discuss the devasting and
lasting effects previous nuclear accidents have had on their surrounding
environments, including polluting the water. We will discuss historical events
like Fukushima, Chernobyl, and Three-Mile Island.
2.
a.
Technology: What technologies need to be described? ? Some of
the technology to be described would be radars used to detect
radiation levels and any radioactive frequencies so that
individuals would know how long they can safely be in an area
that has been affected.
b.
Ethics: How does the team’s ethical angle relate to your subtopic?
Nuclear accidents and their long-term effects are all about the
negative impacts that nuclear accidents can and have had on their
surrounding environment making them inhabitable.
c.
Which areas of analysis will you engage with: social, cultural,
economic, or political? The areas of analysis in which we will
engage with are mostly economic, but we will touch on cultural
and social.
Evidence:
a.
What evidence have you gathered that supports your section and
the Team Thesis? We have gathered information about Japan
attempting to rebuild a community, of how Japan attempting to
make a controlled Nuclear Meltdown, 4 different Firms from
Japan attempting to clean up at the Fukushima Plant, how Japan
has been since the last nuclear meltdown and a breakdown of
what exactly happened in Chernobyl.
b.
What evidence still needs to be gathered? What are the next steps
of your research process? The evidence that still needs to be
gathered are if they have had any success in attempting to make
the environment livable again as well as if they can really make a
nuclear meltdown controllable. The next steps in the research
process is looking to see if they can predict if a nuclear meltdown
can be predicted and stopped before it gets bad.
3.
Connection to Thesis: This section supports this team’s thesis because of
how in Japan they are purposely attempting to make a nuclear meltdown
happen and also attempting to find a way to fix the issue in case of another
one really happening. As well as Japan has also been making an attempt to
rebuild a community that has been affected by a Nuclear Meltdown.
4.
Relation to other subsections: What other sections does your section have a
strong relationship to? How might this help you develop order and
transition areas of your team course project? Another section that has a
really strong connection to this topic is the Description Economic Impacts
(jobs) because due to the long-term effects and any accident that can
happen in the area can put the whole community out of jobs and there will
be a lot of people struggling to survive and continue to find jobs. This helps
us develop order and transition area of this course project because of how
long it actually takes for an area that has been affected to become safe to
live in.
Section: Topic and Description Economic Impacts (jobs) –
E.
1.
Main ideas: The main idea of this section is to provide a description of the
jobs required for a nuclear power plant to operate, and the education that is
required for these jobs.
a.
Technology: Employees work directly with the inner workings of
the plant (i.e. computers, command centers, and other mechanical
equipment.)
b.
Ethics: The jobs created by nuclear power plants would go
against our ethical angle because more jobs means a better
economy. This doesn’t prove whether nuclear plants cause more
pollution, but that plants create a lot of job for the community in
which they are in.
c.
2. Evidence:
a.
b.
Which areas of analysis will you engage with: social, cultural,
economic, or political? The area of analysis which we will
engage with would be social, and economic.
What evidence have you gathered that supports your section and
the Team Thesis? Evidence that we have gathered that supports
the section and team thesis is that the long-term storage of
nuclear radioactive waste poses a threat to the environment due
to the risks of meltdowns caused by natural environmental
disasters such as the Tsunami that caused Fukushima’s nuclear
meltdown causing radioactive waste to be distributed into the
ocean and atmosphere. (Beckrick, 2013) The long-term storage
of radioactive waste poses a threat to nuclear power plant
employees due to the fact that they are in great risk to be
exposed to radioactive waste in an event of a disaster. Stronger
and newer government radioactive waste regulations need to be
implemented in order to prevent another Fukushima meltdown
that in the long term will harm the environment and its
employees.
What evidence still needs to be gathered? What are the next
steps of your research process? Evidence that still needs to be
gathered is more information on how nuclear power plant
employees pose a risk of exposure to …
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