NRS433V GCU Relationship Between Obesity & Diabetes PICOT Statement Paper HI Robert attached are the 3 papers you have done for me so far in this class, i

NRS433V GCU Relationship Between Obesity & Diabetes PICOT Statement Paper HI Robert

attached are the 3 papers you have done for me so far in this class, in case you need them.

APA style, 1500-1750 words, including conclusion and reference.

thanks once again for your help.

Details:

Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the Topic 1, 2, and 3 assignments and the guidelines below.

PICOT Statement

Revise the PICOT statement you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment.

The final PICOT statement will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).

Research Critiques

In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique. Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of the study by making appropriate revisions.

The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT statement.

Refer to “Research Critique Guidelines.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper.

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

Discuss the link between the PICOT statement, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. Running head: NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Nursing Research Project: Qualitative Research
Name
Course
Date
1
NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
2
Nursing Research Project: Qualitative Research
The research project focuses on the evaluation of the evidence existing regarding the
relationship between obesity and diabetes mellitus type II. This research project mainly focuses
on the adult population, which is the most affected by this chronic disease. The present report
critically analyzes the qualitative information provided by the Look AHEAD research group
(2003) regarding this topic. The group specializes in the evaluation of the different causes of
diabetes and the design of an appropriate prevention strategy.
Background information
Even while the cause-effect relationship between obesity and diabetes mellitus type II has
been studied in detail, there have been only a few studies that systematically evaluated the causes
and impact that obesity poses on diabetes, and on the common complications of the disease on
the long run. This lack of information has failed the multiple strategies implemented to try to
prevent the disease, such that the number of diabetic people in the United States continues to
increase year after year, to the point that physicians currently refer to it as an epidemy. In this
regard, the strategies developed so far had focused on the weight loss of the individual. However,
as they did not address the entirety of the problem, the impact on the incidence rate of diabetes
was negligible in most of the cases. The evaluation carried out by the Look AHEAD research
group (2003) is thus crucial for the development of efficient, long-term strategies to reduce the
risk of contracting the disease. The research questions addressed through the study is:
•
Why do weight loss procedure fail to reduce the risk of diabetes?
•
What other factors may affect the relationship between obesity and diabetes?
•
How should these factors be part of the long-term effective preventive strategy?
NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
3
Method of the study
While the Look AHEAD research group (2003) uses some elements of quantitative
research such as the comparison with a control group, the survey carried out is mainly qualitative
in the sense that it focuses on the evaluation of the qualitative differences between both the
intervention group and the control group. In this regard, the study evaluates the risk of
developing the disease in the two groups by comparing how long each of the individuals of the
groups takes to produce the first symptoms of the disease, and whether or not the implemented
strategies are effective at prolonging this time.
Moreover, the study focuses on the evaluation of several variables, such as the presence
of cardiovascular diseases, or the symptoms of common complications of the disease like
nephropathy, circulatory problems that lead to the necrosis and amputation of the limbs or
glaucoma. The overall objective of including these variables in the study is to assess not only the
risk of developing the disease but most importantly how obesity affects diabetes and how it may
accelerate the process leading to earlier complications. Additionally, the independent variable,
that is the intervention carried out on the test group is as well of qualitative nature, as it evaluates
the combined application of intensive lifestyle changes including both dieting and exercising.
This research approach founds over the exhaustive evaluation of the published literature
regarding the relationship between obesity and diabetes. In this regard, the Look AHEAD
research group (2003) has evaluated several of the most relevant studies published in the prior
five years. In such literature review, the researchers considered both qualitative and quantitative
methods to gain a broader point of view and evaluate the possible variables to include in the
study carried out. Moreover, this extensive literature review enabled the researchers to build a
NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
4
robust conceptual framework in which to found the current research, hence resulting in a logic
flow of the analyses carried out and the conclusions derived from such analyses.
The implemented strategy includes:
•
Training sessions oriented to provide necessary information about diabetes and the
impact of obesity on diabetes
•
Weight loss and regular weight monitoring
•
Exercising
Main results of the study
According to the obtained results, the obesity of the individuals would not only increase
the incidence rate of diabetes but also of suffering from cardiovascular diseases. As a result, they
observed how the higher body mass index of the individuals seemed to relate to a higher
incidence rate of both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Moreover, the results obtained highlight how obese diabetic patients are more likely to
experience cardiovascular complications at a substantially earlier stage than non-obese diabetics.
The obtained result is thus highly alarming and warns about the necessity of developing effective
weight loss strategies to decrease the burden of severe complications on diabetic patients.
Nonetheless, the authors suggest the importance of monitoring the incidence that obesity has on
the developing of cardiovascular complications in people with diabetes in future follow-up
studies on the long-term, as well as the evaluation of the long-term effects of the implemented
lifestyle change strategy.
For this purpose, the researchers suggest the measurement of several variables on an
annual or biannual basis. Among these variables, the follow up would focus on specific
NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
diagnostic criteria of diabetes and uncontrolled diabetes such as the level of fasting blood
glucose, the correct functioning of the kidneys through the measurement of creatinine and the
monitoring of cholesterol and triglycerides. It should as well consider indicators of
cardiovascular disease through the realization of a cardiovascular fitness test and an
electrocardiogram.
Ethical considerations
The researchers seem to have requested the approval of an Ethical Review Board and
have required the informed consent of the 5,000 people included in the study. Moreover, they
provide all the necessary means to protect both their private information and whether they are
part of the treatment or the control group. They also seem to have taken into account other
potential ethical aspects of concern, such as the voluntary participation in the study. They do not
look to evaluate the ethical considerations resulting from the inclusion of the different
participants in either the treatment or the control group. However, the fact that the selection of
the two different groups was random and used a website model independent from the researcher
provides all the participants with the same probability to be part of any of the two groups.
Conclusions
The provided results and the proposed follow up are congruent with the planed thesis
statement and enable the researchers to evaluate whether or not obesity has any incidence on the
onset of both diabetes and its most common complications, such as cardiovascular problems or
nephropathy. Moreover, the extensive literature review carried out highlights the importance of
the study, as it tries to tackle a critical aspect relating obesity to the risk of developing diabetes
and how it will affect the prognosis of the disease. This information is crucial for the
5
NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
development of an effective preventive strategy oriented at decreasing the high incidence rate of
diabetes mellitus type II among the American citizens.
From this point of view, the information provided in the selected paper does not only
provide useful takeaways to nursing practice but most importantly outlines the methods to use
when evaluating the cause-effect relationship with multiple other diseases. In this regard, the
systematic approach to the problem as that carried out by the researchers of the Look AHEAD
group applies to any other nursing research project.
6
NURSING RESEARCH PROJECT – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
7
Reference
Look AHEAD Research Group. (2003). Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design
and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
in type 2 diabetes. Controlled clinical trials, 24(5), 610-628.
Running Head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND ETHICAL ISSUES
Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Wendy Fernandez
Grand Canyon University
NRS – 433V
Cindy Mcdonald
09/24/2018
1
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
2
Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Background
The previously presented case seeks to respond to the research questions meant to
identify the possible pieces of evidence that may show that weight loss significantly contributes
towards the reduction of Diabetes Mellitus type II amongst adults in the US. This research
question needs the researcher to look for the previously presented pieces of evidence from both a
qualitative as well as a quantitative approach which would, in the long run, contribute a large
part towards coming up with a conclusive answer that satisfies the case. This paper primarily
focuses on using the quantitative approach, individually, analyzing one of the previously
highlighted pieces of research which would form a basis for making sound and final
recommendations. The first part of this paper looks at the background of the presented study, the
findings and their significance to nursing practice, the methodology adopted and finally, the
possible issues of concern from an ethics perspective offered by the authors and the entire piece
of work.
A study presented by Laaksonen et al., (2005) as highlighted in the previous paper sought
to determine the possible impacts that increased physical activity amongst the affected adults
would help to prevent the occurrence or risks of Diabetes Mellitus Type II. This study focused
primarily on the determination of the effects that weight loss amongst the affected population
may reduce the impacts of diabetes mellitus type II. Therefore, this paper based its arguments
from the notion that a change in the overall lifestyle of the population may contribute a large part
towards the perceived reduction in risks of diabetes mellitus type II. However, the authors in this
case claim that although the clinical trials performed by the various parties create a connection
between a reduction in risks of diabetes mellitus type II due to a change in the overall lifestyle.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
3
The previously presented studies do not, however, show the link or effects of leisure time
physical activity otherwise referred to as LTPA to reducing effects of the condition.
Method
In the attempt to come up with conclusive findings, the authors, in this case, performed a
post hoc evaluation seeking to identify the possible role or significance of LTPA in the reduction
of risks associated with diabetes mellitus type II amongst the various adults in the selected
regions. The study chose a total of 487 subjects comprised of both men and women who suffered
from glucose tolerance and previously undertook the LTPA questionnaires in the past 12 months.
Besides, this research identified the subjects from the Finish Diabetes Prevention Study which
serves as a trial based on randomized analysis primarily addressing the issues of weight loss, diet
changes and also leisure time physical activities amongst the targeted population.
Results
After conducting the study, the researchers, in this case, gathered all the required
information from the previous issues questionnaires for further analysis. The authors after
analyzing the collected data tabled the results and found out that some of the participants adopted
measures meant to improve their lifestyles. For instance, approximately 63-65% of the
participants changed their lifestyle by taking vigorous leisure-time physical activity. Such a
change in the lifestyle contributed a large part in reducing the chances of them suffering further
from diabetes mellitus type II. The study after considering the differences in behavior of the
subjects over the 4.1 years period of follow up concluded that some of the participants recorded
an improvement in their overall physical health. The research found that the presented study
showed a difference in health improvement between the [participants who adopted positive
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
4
measures in regards to the proposed lifestyle changes to those who ignored them. The research
found out that a total of 95% of the participants practiced at minimum moderate, vigorous and
also strenuous LTPA which resulted into a reduced level of risks of getting diabetes Mellitus
type II a ta value of 0.5.
The presented findings may bring about a set of implications from a clinical and also a
medical perspective. For instance, the study completed shows that those people who practiced
LTPA vigorously or at a minimum moderately stood a better chance of reducing the risks of
diabetes mellitus type II. Further, the study showed that an increase in physical activity amongst
the affected population formed the basis for reducing the risks or effects of diabetes mellitus type
II. This conclusion means that the affected community, especially, those who suffer from
diabetes mellitus type II and are overweight or obese may benefit from this study. The primary
significance of this study based on the obtained results revolves around creating a connection
between changes in lifestyle and reducing the impacts or risks of diabetes mellitus type II
amongst the overweight or obese populations.
With such evidence-based research, the findings may play a critical part in boosting the
overall approach that the medical and clinical teams use to address the issues of diabetes mellitus
type II from a weight and lifestyle perspective. The study implies that the clinical teams in
addition to using the various medical procedures should consider advocating and supporting the
use of leisure time physical activity with the primary aim of boosting a healthy lifestyle of the
affected population to reduce the risks of diabetes mellitus type II. The obese or overweight
communities who suffer from diabetes mellitus type II may need to practice strenuous or
vigorous LTPA with the aim of improving their lifestyle and also to support the offered
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
5
medications which in the long run would create a better platform for reducing the risks or
impacts of diabetes mellitus type II.
Ethical considerations
Based on the provided information, this study does not show the criteria for selecting the
women and men who participated in the research. Further, the study does not give details on
seeking consent from the participants before enrolling them in the study. Besides, the
researchers, in this case, used a relatively long period to complete the research without
considering the various factors that would undermine the credibility of the final results. Finally,
the analysis, in this case, fails to exclusively provide information on the practices used to
guarantee the validity of the questionnaires used.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
6
References
Laaksonen, D. E., Lindström, J., Lakka, T. A., Eriksson, J. G., Niskanen, L., Wikström, K., … &
Ilanne-Parikka, P. (2005). Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: the
Finnish diabetes prevention study. Diabetes, 54(1), 158-165.
Running head: PICOT RESEARCH QUESTIONS
PICOT Research Questions
Name: Wendy Fernandez
Course: NRS – 433V
Date: 9/16/18
1
PICOT RESEARCH QUESTIONS
2
PICOT Research Questions
The proposed research question addresses the efficiency of the different techniques used
in the prevention of diabetes. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship between following a
healthy diet, weight loss and diabetes, as obesity has repeatedly appeared as one of the leading
causes of diabetes mellitus type II. Table 1 summarizes the critical information used in the
PICOT formulation of the research question.
Table 1: PICOT variables considered in the study
P
I
C
O
T
Obese adults with a body mass index over 30
Development of an effective weight loss strategy
The control group in the study should not follow any weight loss strategy
Lower risk of diabetes mellitus type II
One year
The research question taking this information into account is:
“Is there any evidence-based of how losing weight reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus type II in
adults showing a body mass index higher than 30 before it is too late?”
PICOT RESEARCH QUESTIONS
3
References
Delahanty, L. M., & Nathan, D. M. (2008). Implications of the diabetes prevention program and
Look AHEAD clinical trials for lifestyle interventions. Journal of the American Dietetic
Association, 108(4), S66-S72.
Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group. (2002). The Diabetes Prevention Program
(DPP): description of lifestyle intervention. Diabetes Care, 25(12), 2165-2171.
Franz, M. J., Bantle, J. P., Beebe, C. A., Brunzell, J. D., Chiasson, J. L., Garg, A., … & Purnell, J.
Q. (2002). Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment
and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care, 25(1), 148-198.
PICOT RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4
Franz, M. J., VanWormer, J. J., Crain, A. L., Boucher, J. L., Histon, T., Caplan, W., … & Pronk,
N. P. (2007). Weight-loss outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight-loss
clinical trials with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Dietetic
Association, 107(10), 1755-1767.
PICOT RESEARCH QUESTIONS
5
Laaksonen, D. E., Lindström, J., Lakka, T. A., Eriksson, J. G., Niskanen, L., Wikström, K., … &
Ilanne-Parikka, P. (2005). Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: the
Finnish diabetes prevention study. Diabetes, 54(1), 158-165.
Look AHEAD Research Group. (2003). Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design
and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
in type 2 diabetes. Controlled clinical trials, 24(5), 610-628.

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