The theory general premise

Here are the written assignment instructions:

  • Describe Piaget’s Theory (Describe the theory’s general premise and all four stages. For each stage, provide 3 characteristics.)
  • Describe Erikson’s Theory (Describe the theory’s general premise and all eight stages. For each psychosocial stage, describe how the developing individual would successfully and unsuccessfully resolve each stage. You can also list the psychological virtue for each stage.)
  • Choose one theory and explain why you believe this theory is a more accurate depiction of development (provide 5 reasons why you chose this theory)
  • Describe the stages of Kubler-Ross’ theory of grieving (DABDA). Provide 2 tips for each stage of grief that would help the person cope with that particular stage.
  • APA formatting
  • Spelling and grammar

( Every paragraph should have in-text citations)

This paper will be at least 5-6 pages in length (i.e. not including the title page and reference page).

(i.e. not including the title page and reference page).

***RUBRIC***

Explanation of Theories

30% of total grade

Mastery: Advanced or exceeds achievement

Explanation of Piaget’s and Erikson’s theories of development is presented clearly and effectively and includes advanced elements demonstrating student mastery.

 

Which Theory is Better?

25% of total grade

Mastery: Advanced or exceeds achievement

A robust explanation is provided as to which psychologist had a better theory of human development. In-depth details are provided.

 

Providing Tips

25% of total grade

Mastery: Advanced or exceeds achievement

Well described tips are provided for each stage of grief for someone who has just suffered a major loss.

 

Grammar and Spelling

10% of total grade

Mastery: Advanced or exceeds achievement

Minimal to no spelling and grammar errors.

 

APA Citations

10% of total grade

Mastery: Advanced or exceeds achievement

APA in-text citations and references are used correctly with minimal to no errors.

Evidence collected at crime scene

Conduct research on Jack the Ripper or Lizzie Borden, and then answer the following questions:

  • When were the murders committed?
  • How many victims?
  • What similarities did the victims have?
  • What differences did the victims have?
  • What evidence was collected at the crime scene?
  • What other evidence was found?
  • Who were the suspects and how were they chosen to be suspects?
  • What was law enforcement’s theory?
  • What kind of serial killer was he or she?
  • What, if any, were their signatures?
  • What were their motivations for killing?

After reviewing the details of the case, write a brief summary that explains who you think the killer was, and why.

Length: 1-page FAQ and 1-page summary

References: a minimum of two resources

it should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect doctoral-level writing and APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University’s Academic Integrity Policy.

Submission Instructions Article Review

Article Review Instructions

You will write  two article reviews for this course. Each review is worth 100 points. The review should be 1-2 single-spaced pages in a 12-point, Times New Roman font. It is in your best interest to submit your review before it is due so you may check your originality report and correct any spelling and grammatical errors identified by the software program.

The purpose of the review is to provide students knowledge of how research is conducted and reported. The main part of your review needs to include the following information. Please comment on these aspects of the article as part of your review. Provide only the briefest summary of content. What I am interested in is your critique.

Reference. Listed at the top of the paper in APA style. Introduction. Read the introduction carefully. The introduction should contain:

·  A thorough literature review that establishes the nature of the problem to be addressed in the present study (the literature review is specific to the problem)

·  The literature review is current (generally, articles within the past 5 years)

·  A logical sequence from what we know (the literature review) to what we don’t know (the unanswered

questions raised by the review and what this study intended to answer

·  The purpose of the present study

·  The specific hypotheses/research questions to be addressed.

Methods. The methods section has three subsections. The methods sections should contain:

·  The  participants and the population they are intended to represent (are they described as well in terms of relevant demographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, education level, income level, etc?).

·  The number of participants and how the participants were selected for the study

·  A description of the  tools/measures used and research design employed.

·  A detailed description of the procedures of the study including participant instructions and whether incentives

were given.

Results. The results section should contain a very thorough summary of results of all analyses. This section should include:

·  Specific demographic characteristics of the sample

·  A thorough narrative description of the results of all statistical tests that addressed specific hypotheses

·  If there are tables and figures, are they also described in the text?

·  If there are tables and figures, can they be interpreted “stand alone” (this means that they contain sufficient

information in the title and footnotes so that a reader can understand what is being presented without having to go back to the text)?

Discussion. The discussion is where the author “wraps up the research”. This section should include:

·  A simple and easy to understand summary of what was found

·  Where the hypotheses supported or refuted?

·  A discussion of how the author’s findings compares to those found in prior research

·  The limitations of the study

·  State the overall purpose of the paper. What was the main theme of the paper?

·  What new ideas or information were communicated in the paper?

·  Why was it important to publish these ideas?

Updated: 08.03.18

The implications of the findings to basic and applied researchers and to practitioners  Critique.

Conclusion.

Once you provide the main critique of the article, you should include a final paragraph that gives me your overall impression of the study. Was the study worthwhile? Was it well-written and clear to those who may not have as much background in the content area? How does it relate to other weekly readings?

APA Format Review

If you are unfamiliar or a bit “rusty” on your APA format, you may want to use the tutorial available through the APA website which is listed on your syllabus.

Grading Criteria

I will grade your paper based upon:

·  How well you followed directions (as indicated in this page)

·  How thoroughly you used examples to support the critique

·  How accurately you used APA format

·  And your organization, grammar, and spelling

·  Integration of assigned weekly readings

Submission Instructions Article Review 1: Cognitive Therapy from the Inside

·  Save the first article review as: fname_lastname_article_review1.doc (i.e., John_Smith_article_review1.doc).

·  Access the  Assignments link, located on the Course Menu to upload the assignment as an attachment to the

Article Review 1 Cognitive Therapy from the Inside drop box.

Article Review 2: Using Mindfulness Meditation

·  Save the first article review as: fname_lastname_article_review2.doc (i.e., John_Smith_article_review2.doc).

·  Access the  Assignments link, located on the Course Menu to upload the assignment as an attachment to the

Article Review 2 Using Mindfulness Meditations drop box.

In your opinion, what were the strengths and weaknesses of the paper or document? Be sure to think about  your impressions and the reasons for them. Listing what the author wrote as limitations is not the same thing as forming your own opinions and justifying them to the reader.

·  Were the findings important to a reader?

·  Were the conclusions valid? Do you agree with the conclusions?

·  If the material was technical, was the technical material innovative?

Alcohol Use in Pregnancy

 

Discussion Topic: To Drink or Not to Drink

For a long time mothers have been warned about drinking any amount of alcohol while pregnant for fear of their child being born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). ”There is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant. There is also no safe time during pregnancy to drink. All types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines and beer. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, so does her baby.” (citation is missing). However, over the past few years reports are starting to come out stating that a couple of glasses of wine a week during pregnancy is okay. In fact, some doctors are saying this can be healthy for the baby because it relaxes the mother and lowers her level of stress.Before you start this week’s discussion find at least one article from the online library database about FAS and pregnancy.  See the search method below. Then consider one of the online articles (links) below. Does it oppose or support your journal article? Then answer the following questions:

  • What are the symptoms and long-term prognoses for a child born with FAS?
  • What are the risks to the baby if the mother suffers from chronic stress throughout the pregnancy?
  • Based on all you have read do you feel that the benefits of lowered stress levels by the mother outweigh the minor risks of drinking a glass of wine on a regular basis?
  • Make sure to support your point of view with information from the source(s) you read.
  • Required: Peer-Reviewed Academic Journal article.
Week 1 library suggested article search method: 
  • Sign in to the online library.
  • Databases–>ProQuest–>pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome (all subjects and indexing)
  • Limit to full-text peer-reviewed scholarly journals

A peer-reviewed article is required. Any of the following are possible resources for your discussion. How do they agree with or conflict with your peer-reviewed article?

  • Alcohol Use in Pregnancy

Note: Remember to cite a source in your primary post. Also, refer to the Psychology Discussion Requirements listed under Getting Started.

Ways to coordinate various systems

You are interviewing for a Human Services Generalist Position with a human services organization that serves a community near you. They provide educational and employment resources to job-seeking, low-income families and individuals.

As part of the interview process, the hiring manager has asked you to prepare a visually appealing PowerPoint slideshow introducing ways to coordinate various systems within a client’s life that are supportive and encourage them to thrive. Your PowerPoint slideshow will need to:

  1. Have a title slide that includes the name of your community.
  2. Contain 4-6 content slides.
  3. Address the following:
  4. What personality/human behaviors need to be addressed with regard to helping someone find a job and/or seek education?
  5. How can a family system support a client who is seeking a job or additional education? When might a family system work against an individual with these needs?
  6. What macro systems/social forces need to be considered?
  7. Suggest 2 national and 2 local community resources to help individuals from low-income families who are seeking employment or additional education.
  8. Use proper spelling/grammar.
  9. Cite at least 3 academic references and present the sources in APA format on a References slide.

When developing a presentation, it’s important to be mindful of how you layout your content. The slides should present key points, arranged in a logical manner, without extraneous information contributing to a cluttered look. Using the Speaker Notes feature in PowerPoint is a great way to include relevant details to be shared during your presentation without overloading the slides.

Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews

Week One Program Discussion

Student’s name

Instructor

Course

Date

What is the item that stood out to you and why?

Particularly striking to me was the emphasis throughout the program on the role that social context plays in shaping not only what we eat but also how we feel about ourselves. People with eating disorders may find maintaining friendships and social relationships challenging. Isolation and emotional withdrawal are common symptoms of eating disorders. This might amplify whatever negative beliefs or feelings they already have about themselves. People with restrictive eating disorders frequently experience co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which they may attempt to manage through extreme measures, such as increased physical exertion and calorie expenditure. Yoga not only gives people a chance to get their bodies moving in a controlled environment, but it also offers a healthy way to cope with the discomforts of illness. This research aimed to examine the effects of yoga on body image issues, anxiety, and sadness in teenage patients with eating disorders (Ostermann et al., 2019).

What did the authors of the study you selected examine in their research? What did they hypothesize and why (rationale)?

The researchers wanted to find out whether practicing yoga would help teenage patients recover from their eating disorders by alleviating their symptoms of depression and anxiety, boosting their general mood, and encouraging them to embrace themselves more fully. The study’s primary aim is to answer the issue of whether these individuals might benefit from including yoga in their treatment programs. The article’s working hypothesis is that including yoga in the treatment plans of teenage patients with eating disorders might help them better manage their emotions and become more accepting of themselves (Ostermann et al., 2019).

What methods did they use?

This review’s reporting format was informed by the Cochrane Collaboration’s Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and recommendations.

What were the most meaningful findings the authors reported?

The results of this study support the idea that persons with eating disorders may benefit from yoga as a type of physical exercise without running the risk of unintended weight loss or medical implications (Ostermann et al., 2019). There was no adverse effect of the intervention on body mass index or vital signs, indicating that yoga may provide a way to exercise without the risk. The present participant attended a range of sessions in a nonclinical environment, and as a result, their negative feelings decreased significantly, as measured by psychological measures. Many people with eating disorders struggle throughout treatment and recovery because they are unable to give up harmful habits that have become familiar and soothing, such as restricting food intake or engaging in excessive exercise (Ostermann et al., 2019). In return, patients are urged to endure unpleasant tasks, including consuming items known to trigger anxiety, increasing their food intake, and abstaining from purging. Self-acceptance, boundary-setting, resistance-testing, and discomfort-tolerance all played important roles in the transition from recovery to yoga practiced in this research.

Ethical factors such as numerous roles, secrecy, privacy, and damage were also considered to be important while doing research with human subjects. Any member of the outpatient program personnel who participated in the yoga lessons ran the risk of triggering role conflict concerns. This would be a relevant issue to think about since I could find no indication that it is forbidden. Since the participants will be traveling to a different place, privacy and confidentiality are also major factors to consider. They could run into someone they know or find out that someone they know also goes to the same yoga class. Finally, it is crucial to understand the possibility of danger. While yoga has been proven to offer numerous health advantages, it may also be harmful if performed improperly or at too high a speed. It is crucial to keep this in mind since some people may try to run excessively quickly to achieve their goals or in the mistaken belief that they will burn more calories doing so (Ostermann et al., 2019).

What is one limitation of their study?

However, several limitations should be noted. An exceedingly small number of participants were used in this investigation. There was no control group in this research, and participants were not given any other options for stress reduction. Although DSM-5 classifies binge eating as an eating disorder, this condition is not addressed at the facility where participants were enrolled. In addition, only cisgender women were included, even though men and members of other marginalized gender identities are equally at increased risk for developing an eating problem. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of other strategies to improve yoga class attendance, such as more selective recruiting, explicit conversations with participants about expectations, and on-site courses at the medical facility. Participating in this intervention’s weekly sessions, for instance, would be an effective way to evaluate its efficacy.

How do the findings from this study help you better understand the content from this week?

As a result of reading this article, I can better appreciate the role that one’s immediate social environment plays in shaping the experience of psychological distress. For example, the regular practice of yoga has helped me become more in touch with my physical self. I am interested in helping those who suffer from eating disorders, but I would want to take a more comprehensive approach. Developing your own sense of inner stability is crucial and particularly so when dealing with clients who suffer from eating disorders. The patient is considered during holistic therapy, not only the presenting symptoms. Holistic therapy for eating disorders goes beyond only addressing the underlying medical issues to address the underlying causes of the illness. Instead, it considers the full person (the body, the emotions, the spirit, and the surrounding environment) to bring about the permanent restoration of health.

Reference

Ostermann, T., Vogel, H., Boehm, K., & Cramer, H. (2019). Effects of yoga on eating disorders—A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 46, 73-80.

Part 2

My goal for my dissertation is to learn more about the prevalence and root causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among African American youth. To further understand if and how cultural biases influence ADHD diagnosis and treatment rates among African American adolescents, I will analyze the perspectives of African American parents and caregivers on these topics. While the rates of ADHD among children of all races and ethnicities are on the rise in the United States as a whole, African American children and adolescents are likely to be diagnosed and treated for Week One Program Discussion

Student’s name

Instructor

Course

Date

What is the item that stood out to you and why?

Particularly striking to me was the emphasis throughout the program on the role that social context plays in shaping not only what we eat but also how we feel about ourselves. People with eating disorders may find maintaining friendships and social relationships challenging. Isolation and emotional withdrawal are common symptoms of eating disorders. This might amplify whatever negative beliefs or feelings they already have about themselves. People with restrictive eating disorders frequently experience co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which they may attempt to manage through extreme measures, such as increased physical exertion and calorie expenditure. Yoga not only gives people a chance to get their bodies moving in a controlled environment, but it also offers a healthy way to cope with the discomforts of illness. This research aimed to examine the effects of yoga on body image issues, anxiety, and sadness in teenage patients with eating disorders (Ostermann et al., 2019).

What did the authors of the study you selected examine in their research? What did they hypothesize and why (rationale)?

The researchers wanted to find out whether practicing yoga would help teenage patients recover from their eating disorders by alleviating their symptoms of depression and anxiety, boosting their general mood, and encouraging them to embrace themselves more fully. The study’s primary aim is to answer the issue of whether these individuals might benefit from including yoga in their treatment programs. The article’s working hypothesis is that including yoga in the treatment plans of teenage patients with eating disorders might help them better manage their emotions and become more accepting of themselves (Ostermann et al., 2019).

What methods did they use?

This review’s reporting format was informed by the Cochrane Collaboration’s Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and recommendations.

What were the most meaningful findings the authors reported?

The results of this study support the idea that persons with eating disorders may benefit from yoga as a type of physical exercise without running the risk of unintended weight loss or medical implications (Ostermann et al., 2019). There was no adverse effect of the intervention on body mass index or vital signs, indicating that yoga may provide a way to exercise without the risk. The present participant attended a range of sessions in a nonclinical environment, and as a result, their negative feelings decreased significantly, as measured by psychological measures. Many people with eating disorders struggle throughout treatment and recovery because they are unable to give up harmful habits that have become familiar and soothing, such as restricting food intake or engaging in excessive exercise (Ostermann et al., 2019). In return, patients are urged to endure unpleasant tasks, including consuming items known to trigger anxiety, increasing their food intake, and abstaining from purging. Self-acceptance, boundary-setting, resistance-testing, and discomfort-tolerance all played important roles in the transition from recovery to yoga practiced in this research.

Ethical factors such as numerous roles, secrecy, privacy, and damage were also considered to be important while doing research with human subjects. Any member of the outpatient program personnel who participated in the yoga lessons ran the risk of triggering role conflict concerns. This would be a relevant issue to think about since I could find no indication that it is forbidden. Since the participants will be traveling to a different place, privacy and confidentiality are also major factors to consider. They could run into someone they know or find out that someone they know also goes to the same yoga class. Finally, it is crucial to understand the possibility of danger. While yoga has been proven to offer numerous health advantages, it may also be harmful if performed improperly or at too high a speed. It is crucial to keep this in mind since some people may try to run excessively quickly to achieve their goals or in the mistaken belief that they will burn more calories doing so (Ostermann et al., 2019).

What is one limitation of their study?

However, several limitations should be noted. An exceedingly small number of participants were used in this investigation. There was no control group in this research, and participants were not given any other options for stress reduction. Although DSM-5 classifies binge eating as an eating disorder, this condition is not addressed at the facility where participants were enrolled. In addition, only cisgender women were included, even though men and members of other marginalized gender identities are equally at increased risk for developing an eating problem. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of other strategies to improve yoga class attendance, such as more selective recruiting, explicit conversations with participants about expectations, and on-site courses at the medical facility. Participating in this intervention’s weekly sessions, for instance, would be an effective way to evaluate its efficacy.

How do the findings from this study help you better understand the content from this week?

As a result of reading this article, I can better appreciate the role that one’s immediate social environment plays in shaping the experience of psychological distress. For example, the regular practice of yoga has helped me become more in touch with my physical self. I am interested in helping those who suffer from eating disorders, but I would want to take a more comprehensive approach. Developing your own sense of inner stability is crucial and particularly so when dealing with clients who suffer from eating disorders. The patient is considered during holistic therapy, not only the presenting symptoms. Holistic therapy for eating disorders goes beyond only addressing the underlying medical issues to address the underlying causes of the illness. Instead, it considers the full person (the body, the emotions, the spirit, and the surrounding environment) to bring about the permanent restoration of health.

Reference

Ostermann, T., Vogel, H., Boehm, K., & Cramer, H. (2019). Effects of yoga on eating disorders—A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 46, 73-80.

Part 2

My goal for my dissertation is to learn more about the prevalence and root causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among African American youth. To further understand if and how cultural biases influence ADHD diagnosis and treatment rates among African American adolescents, I will analyze the perspectives of African American parents and caregivers on these topics. While the rates of ADHD among children of all races and ethnicities are on the rise in the United States as a whole, African American children and adolescents are likely to be diagnosed and treated for the disorder than their White counterparts. African American adolescents may be disproportionately impacted by ADHD, but the reasons why some parents seek care for their child’s ADHD-related behaviors and others do not remain unclear. Understanding how to identify children in the initial stages of the illness and ensuring that they get appropriate treatment is crucial given the frequency of ADHD and its negative impact on educational attainment and overall life trajectories.

Reference

Bailey, R. K., & Ofoemezie, E. K. (2013). The impact of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in African Americans; current challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents, 193.the disorder than their White counterparts. African American adolescents may be disproportionately impacted by ADHD, but the reasons why some parents seek care for their child’s ADHD-related behaviors and others do not remain unclear. Understanding how to identify children in the initial stages of the illness and ensuring that they get appropriate treatment is crucial given the frequency of ADHD and its negative impact on educational attainment and overall life trajectories.

Reference

Bailey, R. K., & Ofoemezie, E. K. (2013). The impact of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in African Americans; current challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents, 193.

Model based in systems theory

This week, you will focus on one of the models you studied during this course. Your task in your Signature Assignment is to choose one of the classic MFT models that you learned about in this course and demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the model, including how the model approaches treatment planning. To do this, you are expected to describe how the model is based in systems theory, identify the theorist(s) who created the model, the role of the therapist, key assumptions, interventions, goals, course (length) of treatment, and limitations. Here is a general layout of what should be covered in this

I. Introduce the  (overview of what you will address in the , which is to describe your chosen model).

II. Describe your chosen therapy model.

  1. Be sure to thoroughly articulate the primary theorist(s) of your selected Classic Model, including a specific illustration of why this model can be considered among approaches based on systems-based theories.
  2. Describe the role of the therapist, key assumptions, interventions, goals, and course (length) of treatment using information from multiple sources and in-text citations. This is one of the most important sections of your , so focus your energy here. This section may include some information from the articles you located in Week 10.
  3. Offer a critique of your chosen model. Discuss any possible limitations from this model, how cultural competency and diversity is addressed in the model, and any shortcomings of the model based on the research articles you located in Week 10.

III. Develop a treatment plan to treat the family.

  1. Create a brief case example. You can base your family system on a movie that you have seen, a family you know, your own family, or your imagination. Describe the family system, including important information about their context (this will include aspects of their culture, belief systems, etc.) and presenting problem(s). This section will be written up in a paragraph (around 400 words).
  2. Present a brief general treatment plan that uses goals, tasks, and interventions that are theoretically consistent with the model you chose. Review the treatment plan materials from earlier in the course and format the treatment plan as you would during therapy (with appropriate labels/numbers for goals, etc.) rather than just writing in paragraph format.

IV. Conclusion- Summarize the main points of your.

To complete this assignment successfully, you are required to demonstrate your knowledge of the selected model and treatment planning.

Length:  7-9 pages, not including title and references pages

Some definitions of culture

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Arnett, J. (2009). The neglected 95%, a challenge to psychology’s philosophy of science. American Psychologist, 64(6), 571–574.

Abi-Hashem, N. (2015). Revisiting cultural awareness and cultural relevancy. The American Psychologist, 70(7), 660–661

Hwang, K. K. (2013). Linking science to culture: Challenge to psychologists. Social Epistemology, 27(1), 105–122. DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2012.760665    

Benjamin, L., & Baker, D. (2012). The internationalization of psychology: A history. In D. Baker (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the history of psychology: Global perspectives (pp. 1–30). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Credit Line: The Internationalization of Psychology: A History by Benjamin, L. and Baker, D. Copyright 2012. Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press via the Copyright Clearance Center. 

Ratner, C. (2008). Cultural psychology, cross-cultural psychology, indigenous psychology [electronic resource]. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Chapter 1: “Cultural Psychology” (pp. 1–11)

Guest, K. (2014). Culture. In K. Guest (Ed.), Cultural anthropology: A Toolkit for a Global Age (2nd ed., pp. 35–46). New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Chapter 2: “Culture (Section on What is culture?)”Credit Line: Cultural Anthropology: A Toolkit for a Global Age, 2nd Edition by Guest, K.  Copyright 2014 by W. W. Norton & Company. Reprinted by permission of W. W. Norton & Company via the Copyright Clearance Center. 

Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 61–83. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999152X2055073310.1017/S0140525X0999152X2010-14802-001.

Van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2013). Contributions of internationalization to psychology: Toward a global and inclusive discipline. American Psychologist, 68(8), 761–770.

Discussion: Definitions of Culture

A veritable plethora of scholarship has been devoted to attempting to define culture.  The concept is complex, yet most individuals have some idea about what the term means and includes. The idea of culture is so central to so much that makes us human, that it is well worth our time to explore and unpack its meaning in some depth. We may find that our ideas about culture share much in common with others’ ideas about culture, but we may also find some nuances or emphases in some definitions that are less apparent in other definitions.

For this Discussion, you will closely examine various definitions of culture and the importance it may have to the psychology community.

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review the Learning Resources for this week and consider various definitions of culture.

Based on your review of the Learning Resources, post your responses to the following questions.

  • What are some definitions of culture that researchers have utilized?
  • What is a definition of culture that resonates with you and why?
  • Why should psychologists be interested in understanding culture?

Reviewing the Research Methods

Problem: There is a positive correlation between the volume of cream consumed per capita in the US and the rate of drowning deaths in the US. The two variables in this scenario are: (1) volume of ice cream consumed, and (2) rate of drowning deaths.

How can we turn this correlational study, which cannot prove causation (i.e. a positive correlation doesn’t prove that consuming ice cream directly contributes to drowning) into an experiment, a process by which we can gain a better understanding of causation.

For our experiment, we will be testing the hypothesis that consuming ice cream makes people more likely to drown. In your response to this discussion question address each of the following questions:

(1) Describe the independent variable will you use. What so-called “third variables” might there be, other than ice cream consumption, that could possibly increase the rates of drowning?

(2) Describe the dependent variable(s) will you use and how it/they will be measured.

(3) Decide whether we need to include any groups other than an experimental group and a control group.

(4) Describe what process subjects will go through in each of the groups.

(5) Describe how you will select human subjects and assign them to groups for this study. What ethical concerns regarding human subjects might you run into in your study?

(6) An experiment would also include collecting data and running statistical analysis on the data to determine if our results are statistically significant, but I will not ask you discuss these processes as they are a bit advanced for an introductory psychology course. What do you think the outcome of this study might be, and what do you think “statistically significant” means as it relates to the results of an experiment?

Reviewing the Research Methods Primer document located in the chapter 2 folder on the content tab here in the courseroom should be helpful if you’re having difficulty understanding the basic concepts and terms involved.

Ethical decision-making model

Exam Content

 

An ethical decision-making model is a tool that can be used by professionals in psychology to help develop the ability to think through an ethical dilemma and arrive at a responsible and ethical decision. This assignment assesses your application of ethical decision-making by requiring critical thinking and analysis through your recommendations to an ethical dilemma.

 

 

Read the following scenario:

You work for a large corporation in human resources as a psychologist. In that capacity, it is your job to select and administer psychological tests that measure intelligence and cognitive ability as part of the employee selection process. The company has been hiring engineers and you notice that in the next group of prospects, many are recent immigrants from Pakistan, Korea, and India. You realize that the standardized tests you have been using do not seem to be culture-neutral and are biased toward native English speakers.

 

Develop an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft PowerPoint® presentation to corporate managers with detailed speaker notes on the selection process of a culture-neutral assessment. To be clear, a slide should have 5 to 7 concise bullet points. Speaker notes should be included in the speaker’s notes section (on the bottom) of each slide. Speaker notes should be your ‘speech’ and should be no less than 1 to 3 full paragraphs for each slide. In-text citations should be included on every slide and in all speaker notes. An APA formatted reference slide should be included at the end of your presentation. Your cover slide and your reference slide do not count in the 8 to 10 slide count.

 

 

Address the following questions or objectives:

 

Should you use different tests that are less culture-bound?

How would you select assessments that are culture-neutral?

What criteria would you use? What, if any, ethical issues are involved?

How and why would using culturally biased tests be an ethical issue here?

What does the APA Ethics Code say about the importance of culture-neutral assessment?

Include examples of ways in which culture-biased assessments have been problematic.

How would you select tests that are culture-neutral?

 

Include examples of when culture-biased assessments have been problematic

 

Explain the consequences of not following the selection process for both the client and psychologist

 

Describe how the APA decision-making process facilitates more ethical professional behavior.

  1. Applied Sciences
  2. Architecture and Design
  3. Biology
  4. Business & Finance
  5. Chemistry
  6. Computer Science
  7. Geography
  8. Geology
  9. Education
  10. Engineering
  11. English
  12. Environmental science
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