Job satisfaction use simple words and gramma. use as much simple word as you can, just in high school level. After you Check that all sentences have subjec

Job satisfaction use simple words and gramma. use as much simple word as you can, just in high school level. After you
Check that all sentences have subjects and verbs.
Check that you have used commas and periods correctly.
3 Check that you have used a comma after dependent clauses with words like
Although/While/Because when they start a sentence.
STEP 4: WRITE YOUR FINAL DRAFT
1
3
1 After you receive feedback on your first draft, review it carefully. Fix any errors.
2 Make a note of errors that were most frequent. Try to avoid them as you write.
3 Review the Academic Vocabulary and Collocations from this unit. Are there any that you ca
add to your essay?
4 Turn to page 266 and use the Self-Editing Review to check your work one more time.
5 Write your final draft and hand it in.
BY KIRSTEN WEIR
MORE THAN JOB SATISFACTION
(adapted)
What do you do? That’s often the first question people ask when meeting someone.
This is not surprising since most adults spend most of their waking hours at work, and
work can be a big part of their identity. Unfortunately, a report by Gallup Inc. shows that
70 percent of American workers are either “not engaged” or “actively disengaged in
their work (2013). Disengaged employees are more likely to steal from the job, negatively
influence co-workers, miss days, and drive away customers. According to Gallup,
this disengagement costs U.S. companies $450 billion to $550 billion yearly.
Several recent studies have focused on one aspect of work: how much meaning people
for both the workers and the company – and that even employees in tiresome jobs can
find in it. They have discovered that when workers feel their work is meaningful, it is good
find ways to make their work more meaningful. These studies show that there are ways to
use work to increase meaning and improve people’s lives.
Of course, there are different ways to find meaning in one’s work, says Michael G. Pratt,
PhD, a professor of management and organization at Boston College. He illustrates this
through a story about three bricklayers hard at work. When asked what they’re doing,
engaged: interested in or seriously involved in an activity
bricklayer: someone whose job is to build walls with bricks
6
the first bricklayer responds, “I’m putting one brick on top of another.” The second replies,
“I’m making six pence’ an hour.” And the third says, “I’m building a cathedral
– a house
that all of them have created meaning out of what they’ve done, but the
of God Pratt says
what he’s done is meaningful. Meaningfulness is about why you do
last
person
could
say
something. According to Douglas Lepisto and Camille Pradies in a chapter in the 2013
book Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace, people can find meaning through the pride
of doing their job well, the ability to provide for their families, the sense of service that
they feel on the job, or in the close relationships that they have with co-workers.
The people who are the most content are those who believe that their work has a higher
calling.* Zookeepers are a good example of this. They earn less than $25,000 a year, there
is little advancement, and they are not generally highly respected, says Stuart Bunderson,
PhD, a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St. Louis
(Administrative Science Quarterly). Yet they feel very passionate and satisfied with their
jobs because they believe that they were born to do that kind of work. In other words,
they feel a personal connection to their jobs, and this motivates them to do their best.
Fortunately, anyone can find meaning in their work through “job crafting,” says Jane E.
Dutton, PhD, a professor of business administration and psychology at the University of
Michigan. Described by Dutton and colleagues in Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace,
“job crafting” is a way of shaping a job to create meaning. Employees can shape their
work experiences in three ways. First, they can spend more time and energy on tasks that
are satisfying. A professor who loves interacting with students, for example, might find
ways to spend more time advising students. Second, they can focus on relationships that
are positive. Spending time with a colleague who respects and values you is “like taking a
vitamin,” Dutton says. Finally, a person can change the way he or she thinks about work.
Michael F. Steger, PhD, an associate professor of counseling psychology and applied
social psychology at Colorado State University, gives the example of an accountant at a
community college who found her work very meaningful not because of what she did,
but because she felt her work allowed others to improve themselves educationally.
Dutton does admit that there is a drawback. Organizations could use job crafting to
abuse their workers. In other words: “Tll give you a crappy job, and it’s up to you to make
something good out of it,” she says. Organization should still be fairer and better, but in
the meantime, she sees value in empowering workers … to craft their work in ways that
will make it less depleting and more enriching?
Work wi
another
1 How is
pence: plural of penny (British English)
“higher calling: a feeling that the your work benefits mankind and that you must do it
Sabuse: to treat a person or animal badly or cruelly
‘crappy: uninteresting, bad
2 Has lea
3 In your
Why or
162 UNIT 5

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