Module 05 The classification system of galaxies Edwin Hubble’s observations of the Andromeda “nebula” in 1924, using the then new 100 inch telescope at Mou

Module 05 The classification system of galaxies Edwin Hubble’s observations of the Andromeda “nebula” in 1924, using the then new 100 inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, lead to the understanding that the Milky Way was not the only galaxy, but one of a countless large groups of stars in our Universe. Within this new field of astronomy, Hubble devised a classification system for galaxies based on their observed shape and structure. In this laboratory exercise, you will use Stellarium to observe a number of galaxies and attempt to classify them using Hubble’s system.
For this project piece, use a computer simulation to examine the concept of habitable zones around other stars or examine and classify a range of galaxies. Please read through the assignment background information and follow the steps listed in the lab assignment instructions. You will be asked to form a hypothesis, state the lab objective, record your measurements and calculations, and answer each of the lab questions. Module 05 – A Universe of Galaxies
Edwin Hubble’s observations of the Andromeda “nebula” in 1924, using the then new 100 inch
telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, lead to the understanding that the Milky Way was not the only
galaxy, but one of a countless large groups of stars in our Universe. Within this new field of astronomy,
Hubble devised a classification system for galaxies based on their observed shape and structure. In this
laboratory exercise, you will use Stellarium to observe a number of galaxies and attempt to classify them
using Hubble’s system.
Background Question – Describe the major Hubble galaxy classifications and how they are organized on
Hubble’s “turning fork”.
Object: Explain the purpose of this laboratory assignment in your own words. What do you think you will
accomplish or learn from this exercise?
Hypothesis: Write a simple hypothesis connected to observed properties of galaxies that you will be able
to test using the Stellarium software (for example, most galaxies are spiral in shape like our Milky Way).
Procedure
1) Open the Stellarium software. Open the Sky and Viewing options window (F4). Under the “Sky”
tab, uncheck the Atmosphere.
2) Select the Landscape tab and uncheck “Show ground”.
3) Open the Search window (F3) and enter Andromeda Galaxy. The view should shift to center on
the Andromeda Galaxy. Scroll your mouse wheel forward to zoom in until you can see the
Andromeda Galaxy in detail.
4) Based on the Andromeda Galaxy’s shape and appearance, record on the lab data table which
major type of galaxy you think it is (Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular). Make a note if you see any
particular interesting features (color, if spiral is there a bar, if a galaxy is interacting with another
galaxy)
5) Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each galaxy listed on the data table. You make need to zoom in or out
to see the selected in detail.
Q1: From the list of galaxies given, did you find more of classification group then the other?
Q2: Did you observe any spiral galaxies with a bar structure?
Q3: Where all the elliptical galaxies all the same exact shape?
Q3: Did you notice a difference in general color between elliptical and spiral galaxies?
Q4: Which classification group showed evidence of ongoing star formation (visible new O and B
blue stars)?
6) Continue using Stellarium if you need further information to test your individual hypothesis. If
you need further direction, please ask your instructor.
Conclusion: In 1-2 paragraphs, explain if your observations and data support or conflict with your
hypothesis and if you have met your assignment objective. Was there any portion of the assignment
that was particularly interesting or difficult?
Galaxy
Andromeda
M33
LMC
SMC
M51
M58
M60
M63
M81
M82
M86
M87
M88
M90
M91
M94
M99
M100
M102
M106
M109
Classification Type
Interesting Features

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